and
and 除了表示并列关系之外,还可以表示顺承、目的、反复、结果等关系。
- Lily and I left early. 莉莉和我离开得早。(并列)
- He went to the market and bought some vegetables. 他去市场买了一些蔬菜。(顺承)
- Allow me to go and measure the pressure again. 请允许我再去测一次压力。(目的)
- He talked and talked and talked until late into breakfast and rushed to the night. 他谈啊谈一直谈到深夜。(反复)
- Be more careful and you'll make fewer mistakes. 仔细点,这样你就会少犯点错误。(结果)
★注意
在连接三个或三个以上并列的成分是一般应在最后两者之间加and。
- He got up, washed his face, had breakfast and rushed to school. 他起床后,洗了脸,吃完早饭,然后匆匆赶往学校。
or、either…or…与 neither…nor…
在表示选择关系时or与either…or…的用法基本相同,但either…or…更具强调性;而neither…nor…表示的真正意义是否定两者。在多个对象中进行选择时,可以用
A or B or C…
either A or B or C…
neither A nor B nor C…
- You can come either today or tomorrow.(=You can come today or tomorrow.) 你可以今天来,也可以明天来。
- Either Jim or Jack or Jeff knows about this. 要么吉姆,要么杰克,要么杰夫知道这件事。
- He neither wrote to me, nor telephoned me nor came to see me. 他既没给我写信,也没给我打电话,也没来看我。
★注意
当 or、either… or….、neither… nor…等连接主语时,谓语动词的单复数由最靠近的主语而定。
- Neither the students nor the teacher knows the answer. 老师和学生们都不知道答案。
not only…but also…
not only…but also…连接的两个成分必须是对称的,它们可以是两个主语、宾语、谓语、表语、状语、句子等。
- Last night Tom not only read some poems by his favourite poet but also watched a very famous film. 昨晚汤姆不仅读了一些他最喜欢的诗人的诗,还看了一部很有名的电影。
- Not only Bruce but also his parents want to stay in China for another year.不仅布鲁斯而且他父母也想在中国再待一年。
特别提示
□ as well as 所起的作用与 not only…but also…相当,但as well as 强调其前的部分,作主语时,谓语动词要根据 as well as 前的部分而定;not only…but also…则强调后面的部分,作主语时,谓语动词要根据 but also 后面的部分而定。
- Not only the students but also the teacher is looking forward to the holiday. (=The teacher as well as the students is looking forward to the holiday.) 老师和学生们都盼望着放假。
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